Interpretation-Anchor Inspection Methods for "Shock Elastic Waves" in Railway Tunnel Acceptance Standards
Itiswellknownthatanchorrodsandprestressedanchorcables(rods),asimportantcomponentsoftheprotectionandreinforcementsystem,arewidelyusedinfoundationprojectssuchastunnels,roadways,foundationpits,andslopes.EspeciallyinChina'srapiddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailways,intheconstructionoftunnels,slopes,etc.,rockanchorcablesandanchorrodshavebeenwidelyused,anditisobviousthatqualityassuranceisveryimportant.However,duetotheweatheringoftherockmassandtheinfluenceofgroundwater,variousaginganddeteriorationphenomena(suchasprestressrelaxation,etc.)willinevitablyoccurinanchorcablesandanchorrods.Ontheotherhand,becauseitisahiddenproject,iftheconstructionqualityisnotwellguaranteed,suchasinsufficientlength,inadequategrouting,oreveninsufficienttension,itwillseriouslyreducethestabilityofthestructure,causingsignificantsocialandeconomiclosses. Inthe"QualityAcceptanceStandardsforConstructionofRailwayTunnelEngineering"(TB10417-2018)and"HighQualityAcceptanceStandardsforConstructionofHigh-speedRailwayTunnel"(TB10753-2018)newlyissuedandimplementedinFebruary2019,itisclearlystipulatedthat:Thecementationandanchoringqualityoftherodshallmeetthedesignrequirements.Inspectionmethods:checktheconstructionrecords,checktheimpactelasticwavemethod,andpullordrillwhennecessary. Carefullycomparetheoriginal"HighQualityRailwayTunnelConstructionQualityAcceptanceStandards"(TB10753-2010)regulations,andthenewversionoftheregulationshasrevisedtheinspectionmethodofanchorbolts(soundwavereflectionmethod)toshockelasticwavemethod. Whatkindofshockelasticwaveismentionedintheverification? Shockelasticwave:Theelasticwavegeneratedinthetargetmaterialbymechanicalshockiscalledshockelasticwave.Therearegenerallytwomethodsforthegenerationofshockelasticwaves,namely,theimpactofexternalforcesandtheinternaldamageofobjects.Theimpactelasticwaveinthenon-destructivetestingfieldisgeneratedbyhittingthetestobjectwithanexternalforcesuchasahammerorotherexcitationdevice.Thesignalcharacteristicsarephase,amplitude,timedomainorfrequencydomainbyusingthepropagationcharacteristicsoftheimpactelasticwavesuchasreflectionandtransmissionAnalysiscandetectthemechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsandthesoundnessofstructures,andiscalledtheshockelasticwavemethod. Thereisa"shockelasticwave"inspectionmethodintherailwaytunnelanchormarkinspection.Isthereacorrespondinginspectionprocedure? "TechnicalSpecificationsforAnchorBoltSupportofRailwayTunnels"editedbyChinaRailwaySecondAcademyisabouttobepromulgated.Thecodeclearlyspecifiesthetestingmethodsforanchorbolts.Thenon-destructivetestingofanchorboltanchoragequalityshouldadopttheimpactelasticwavemethod,whichisconsistentwiththenewrailwayinspectionmethod. Astheabovespecificationshavenotbeenofficiallypromulgated,thecurrentanchortestinggenerallyreferstothe“Non-destructiveTestingRegulationsforAnchorsofWaterConservancyandHydropowerProjects”(DL/T5424-2009)issuedbytheNationalEnergyAdministrationorthe“AnchorAnchors”issuedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentTechnicalSpecificationforQualityNondestructiveTesting"(JGJ/T182-2009).Thenon-destructivetestingmethodsforanchorboltanchoringqualitydescribedinthesetworegulationsare"soundwavereflectionmethod". Whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheshockelasticwavemethodandtheacousticwavereflectionmethod? TheDL/T5424-2009proceduredefinestheacousticreflectionmethodas:applyingtransientorsteady-stateexcitationloadstotheexposedendofthebolt,measuringtheaccelerationorvelocityresponsetime-historycurve,andperforminganalysisinthetimeandfrequencydomains.Detectionmethodforevaluatingtheanchorboltanchoringquality. TheJGJ/T182-2009protocoldefinestheacousticreflectionmethodas:anondestructivetestingmethodthatusesanexcitedacousticsignal,measuredaccelerationorvelocityresponsecurve,analyzesbasedonwavetheory,andevaluatestheanchoringqualityofthebolt. Asmentionedearlier,theshockelasticwaveisaconceptofaclusterwavewithawidefrequencyrangeanddoesnotspecificallyrefertoacertaincomponentwave.Accordingtothedetectionneeds,thevibrationmodecanbechangedtoobtainsignalsindifferentfrequencydomainstomeetthetestrequirements.Thedetectionrequirestheextractionandanalysisofacertaincomponentwaveinthewavegroup,andthedetectionpurposehasbeenachieved.Therefore,inengineeringapplications,theshockelasticwavedetectionmethodismoreandmoreacceptedbythepublic.InadditiontoTB10753-2018explicitlyusingthe"shockelasticwavemethod",the"TechnicalSpecificationforDetectingConcreteDefectsbytheImpactEchoMethod"(JGJ/T411-2017)alsomadeacleardefinitionof"shockelasticwave". The"soundwave"inthe"soundwavereflectionmethod"generallyreferstotheelasticwaveinthefrequencyrangeof20Hzto20kHz,andmainlyreferstothePwaveorSwavecomponenttherein,thatis,theshockelasticwavecontainsthe"soundwave"inthe"soundwavereflectionmethod",soAsfarasthedetectionmediumisconcerned,the"shockelasticwavemethod"testanchorrodqualitymeetsthe"soundwavereflectionmethod".Asfarastheoperationrequirementsareconcerned,thetwoarebasicallythesame.
Mind articles | Have you ever seen the work of a tester?
SundayDecember2nd,2018Weather:Rain It's2:30inthemorning,andI'mlyingonasinglebedintheprojectdepartmentofZaoshengTown,NingCounty,thinkingaboutmyexperiencehere.Atabout4pmonthe1st,IboardedtheD2668fromLanzhouWesttoXi'anNorthandarrivedatXi'anNorthStationat7:25pm.Iimmediatelycontactedalocalwithaperennialsportscarandarrivedattheprojectdepartmentafter6hours.Alongtheway,bythedimlightoutsidethecarwindow,watchingthesleepingpassengersnexttoit,listeningtothesoundofrainleapingoutsidethewindow,feelingslightlyheavy.Thedaysandnightsontheroadhavebeencountless.Lookingbackontheyearsinthenon-destructivetestingindustry,theyhaveharvestedtechnology,experienceandgrowth,anddedicatedtheiryouth,companionshipandhardwork. Thecrueltyoftimeisnow,shecanonlytakemetothefuture,butshecannottakemebacktothepast. SundayDecember2nd,2018Weather:Overcast At6:30inthemorning,thealarmsoundedontime,rubbedhissleepyeyes,andquicklygotuptowash.InearlyDecember,thetemperatureinGansuwasaboutminus2°C,andtherewasawhitesceneeverywhere,fortunately,itdidnotrain.Aftergoingtothecafeteriaforbreakfast,Icheckedtheequipmentandsetoutwiththeprojectdepartmenttogotothesiteforinspection.Wearrivedattheprojectsiteinhalfanhour,andwhenwegotoutofthecar,wesawahighpierstandingmorethan100metersinfrontofus.7:40Taketheprestressedequipmenttotheconstructionelevatordirectlytothetopofthepier,lookingatthelooklikeafairyland,suddenlysuddenlycheerful,asifsteppingontheclouds.Whenit'stoolatetoadmirethebeautifulsceneryinfrontofyou,Iimmediatelygotowork.Withtheequipmentbehind,climbintothecast-in-situboxbeamthroughastraightescalator,andthenclimbtoasimpleplatformthroughatemplate.Itismorethan100metersabovetheground,andeverymovementisextracareful.Whileensuringyourownsafety,youmustalsoensurethattheequipmentwillnotfall,makingthefieldefficiencythatisdifficulttodetectbecomeslower.Fromtimetotime,therewasacoldwindblowing,freezinghandsandfeet.ItwasdarkbeforeIknewit.Afterfinishingtheday'swork,Ireturnedtotheprojectdepartment.Iwantedtorestforhalfanhour.WhenIthoughtthatthedatadetectedduringthedayhadnotbeenprocessed,Iturnedonthecomputerandprocessedthedata.Timeistickingaway,itis23:10atthistime,afterwashing,writingadiary,andthinkingaboutasmoothandfulfillingday,Iwillinevitablyhideahintofjoy.Whileimprovingmyprofessionalandtechnicalcapabilities,IwillalsoservecustomersSubmittedasatisfactoryanswer.Don'tcomplainthatlifeisunfairtoyou,becauselifedoesn'tknowwhoyouareatall. TuesdayDecember4th,2018Weather:Overcast DepartingfromtheGansuProjectDepartmentonthe3rd,theboatandcararrivedatatunneloftheHarbin-DalianPassengerLineaftermeetingwithcolleagues.Becauseitisanin-servicerailwaytunnelproject,wecanonlypretendthatweareonvacationabroad.Thedarktunnelcanonlybetestedbyalessbrightflashlightanda4-meter-highscaffold."Knock,nextpoint,knock,nextpoint,knock..." "Becareful,payattentiontosafety,let'stakeyourtime" Thecooperationbetweencolleaguesmadetheinspectionworksmoothly,andtheconcernandsympathyofourcustomersmadeusfeelwarmer.Comeon,youcangohomeafterfinishingthisproject~ Toallhard-workingtesters: Iliketoseethesunhalominglingintoacircleonthewindowsill,becauseatthattime,Icanalwaysglimpseaslowworld.However,Iamalwaysreadytogotoadistancewheremanyengineeringinfrastructuresneedtobeinspected. Ifthecityyouliveinisbigenough,ifyou'vespenttoomuchtimeinaformidablespace,findanotherplacetogooutandenjoyyourself. YoucanwalkdownKangzhuangAvenue,oryoucanfindasheepintestine,andthenyousuddenlyfindthattheworldhasadifferentlookthanbefore. Whenyoustandonthezero-meterblockat80metershighandstareatthebridgeconstructionsiteinfrontofyou,somanyholesneedtobepositioned,andtheeffectiveprestressundertheanchorneedstobedetected.Theanchoronthedistantslopeseemstobewavingatyou. Theyoccupyyourdaylikethis,andevenforgetthefaceofthatdearpersoninyourhead. Idonotexpectunexpectedgoodluck,Ionlywishthatmyeffortswillpayoffintheend,Ihopethateveryseriouseffortnowhasanaturalfuture.
Robot Xiaoice makes 40 lines of poems in 4 seconds
Rock-likeloveengravedontheislandofdreamland Wateringtimeseeds Delightinthetenderuniverse Adistantstarshineswithhope Iwillthankthedriftoflife Whenthetimerushesback,thelaughterissweet Youarethelifeofmylife —MicrosoftAIRobotXiaobing"ToTenYearsLater" XiaoXiaobing,female,artificialintelligencechatbot,borninMay2014.Althoughnotyet5yearsold,ithasalreadypassed5iterationsandhasbeenextendedtoJapan,theUnitedStatesandotherplaces. XiaoXiaobing'steamtrainedXiaobingtowritepoemsandwentthroughtwostages.First:imitatehumansthroughtechnology,createappearances,andmaketheresultsclosetohumans,andconductmillionsofself-learningandtraining.Second:Learntheconnotationandcreationofpoetry,thatis,thepoeticlanguageused,sothatreaderscanformamorevivid,vividorprofoundmoodinthereadingprocess. WhatIcanbesureofisthatittooklessthan4secondsforXiaoBingtoformallyformthelonglineofthe40-line"ToTenYearsLater"poem.And,throughcontinuousadjustmentsandtests,this"draft"speedhasstabilized.Thereisprobablynopoetintheworld,whichcanbecomparedwithXiaobinginthisregard.Itcanbeseenthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligenceisinfullswing. JohnMcCarty,thefatherofartificialintelligence▲ Asearlyas1956,McCarthyconvenedresearchersfromHarvardUniversity,MIT,IBM,andBellLabstoconveneaDartmouthconferenceandformallyproposed"artificialintelligence". China,“MadeinChina2025”wasproposedinMay2015,and“Three-yearActionPlanfor“Internet+”ArtificialIntelligence”wasproposedinMay2016. Currently,thewaveoftechnologicalinnovationrepresentedbyInternet+,AR(augmentedreality)/VR(virtualreality),BigData(bigdata),andAI(artificialintelligence)/deeplearning(deeplearning)hasemerged. Intraditionalnon-destructivetesting,thedetectionaccuracyishighlydependentonthejudgmentleveloftheoperator,whichadverselyaffectstheobjectivityandconsistencyofthetestresults,andalsoincreasestheburdenontheoperator. Forthisreason,ShengtuoDetectionResearchhasdevelopedanauxiliaryjudgmentmethodbasedonAI(machinelearning)toimprovethedetectionaccuracyandreducethedifficultyofoperation. ForAI-assisteddetectionandjudgment,theupgradedetectionusesBayesiannetworks,asetofsecondarylearningmodelsthatintegrateBayesian,neuronnetworks,andaggregatedneuronnetworks.Thepredictionresultsofeachmodelareweightedaccordingtotheaccuracyofthetrainingmodel.ThecomprehensiveresultisusedastheresultoftheAIprediction. BayesianNetworkModel▲ NeuralNetworkModel▲ Atpresent,Shengtuotestinghasbeencarriedoutinthefieldofsleevegroutingofprefabricatedstructures,groutingofprestressedbridgetunnels,etc.Afteralargenumberofmodeltestsandfieldverifications,theaccuracyofcomprehensiverecognitionaccuracycanreach80%undertheconditionscoveredbytrainingdata-85%. Thetestwillcontinuetogathertheamountoftestingandmonitoringdata,andconducttrainingandidentification,tofurtherimprovethetestaccuracy,reduceerrorscausedbyhumanfactors,andprovidetechnicalsupporttoensurethequalityofnationalinfrastructureconstruction.
Excavation of the 10-meter tunnel for Yumo Railway breaks through the 10km mark-detection of tunnel lining void
OnNovember21,thetunnelinthefirst10bidsoftheYu(xi)Mo(憨)railwaystationbuiltbytheChinaRailway21stBureauGroupCo.,Ltd.reachedatotalof1,007.70meters.EntrancetotheMaLiZhaiTunnel TheYumoRailwayisanimportantpartoftheChina-LaosInternationalRailway.Itisanimportantprojectinthenational“BeltandRoad”strategy.ItisalsothelargestinfrastructureprojectunderconstructioninYunnanProvince.BuildingtheYumoRailwayhasagloriousmissionandgreatresponsibility.Thecompanyundertooktheconstructionofthefirst10biddingsectionsofYumoRailwayStation,whichislocatedinNing'erCounty,Pu'erCity,YunnanProvince.Themainlineofthesectionis22.405kilometerslong.Themainprojectsinclude4tunnels,4bridges,1stationyardand30.6kmballastlesstrackbedThetunnelaccountedfor92.6%.ThemostdifficultanddifficultprojectistheDajinshanTunnelwithatotallengthof10657meters,andthecontrolledprojectistheexitsectionoftheShitouzhaiTunnelwith4851meters.DajinshanTunnelExit DuetothelargechangesinthetopographyandgeomorphologyinSouthYunnan,thegeologicalconditionsareextremelycomplicated,andtherearemanytypesofunfavorablegeology.Thelinerunsthroughsubtropicalrainforestsandminorityresidentialareas,andconstructionfacesmanychallenges.SincethestartofconstructioninMay2016,theprojectdepartmenthasadheredtohighstandardsandstrictrequirements,andfurtherpromotedthestandardizationofrailwayconstruction.,Manyhigh-risktunnels,difficultmaterialsupport,poorclimateandmanyotherdifficulties. Inthecourseofconstruction,ofcourse,itisnecessarytoconsidertheproblemsthatoccurduringthelateruseofthetunnel.Generally,astheservicelifeofthetunnelincreases,thetunnelliningwillalsoage.Themainagingphenomenathatoccurare: ①peelingandfallingoff; ②crack; ③hollowinside; ④Concretestrengthdecreases;Amongthem,①and②willdirectlyposeathreattotrainoperation.OnJune27,1999,atunnelontheSanyoShinkansen(Osaka-Fukuoka)inFukuokaprefecturehada200kgofconcreteonthesidewallhitahigh-speedtrain.Theanalysisshowedthattheconcretewaspeeling(Peeling)maybecausedbycoldshrinkage.Therefore,theproblemofpeelingandpeelingoftunnellininghasattractedwidespreadattention,andhowtodetectitquicklyandeffectivelyhasbecomeanimportantissue. Atpresent,themainmethodfordetectinginternaldefectsoftunnelliningisradarmethod.Thismethodhasagooddetectioneffectonthevoidingbehindthelining,andhasbeenwidelyused.However,inadditiontopricereasons,thismethodalsohasthefollowingproblems:①Notsensitivetocracksandtheresultingpeelingandpeeling;②Cannotreflectthematerialofconcrete; Basedontheaboveproblems,ourcompanyhasbeencommittedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnon-destructivetestingsystemsforcivilengineering,andhasdevelopedaseriesofnon-destructivetestingequipmentandsystemsforconcrete,fillingengineering,prestressedengineering,andpilesandcolumns.Thesedevicesarebasedonshockandelasticwaves,formingarelativelycompletetechnicalsystem. Herearetwosolutionstotheirproblems ThicknessdetectionmethodandprincipleThespectrumsignalanalysismethodcanbeusedtocalculatethemoment(ieperiod)ofthereflectedsignalonthesideofthestructure,andthethicknessoftheobjectcanbemeasuredbasedonthisandthewavevelocity.Figure4-1OverviewoftherepeatedreflectionspectrummethodFigure4-2Conceptualdiagramofthevacuumtest Thedetectionmethodandprincipleofvoidingcontinuouslyexcitetheelasticwavesignalalongthesurfaceofthetestobject,andthesignalwillreflectwhenitencountersaloosemediumsuchasacavityoravoidingsurface.Byextractingthereflectedsignalandperformingcorrespondingspectrumandimageprocessing,thepresenceorabsenceofthevoidandthedepthpositioncanbeidentified.MoheiFourthLineBridgeunderconstruction Uptonow,theprojectdepartmenthascompletedtheconstructionof3314metersofthefourauxiliarytunnelsoftheDajinshanTunnelandtheShitouzhaiTunnel,thelarge-mileageexitofthehorizontaltunneloftheShitouzhaiTunnel,thecompletionofthesubstructureoftheMoheiFourthLineBridgeandtheXiubaiDoubleLineBridge.Themountaintunnelhasbeencompletelycompleted,andthecontinuousbeamofthe4x32mturnoutoftheMoheiFourthLineBridgehasbeensuccessfullypoured.Anumberofimportantnodesandbreakthroughshavebeenmade,andconstructionproductionisbeingaccelerated.
ShengTuo Inspection takes you to get tips for publishing "Professional Title Papers" in the engineering inspection industry
Whenassessingprofessionalandtechnicaltitles,theprofessionalandtechnicalcapabilitiesofprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelneedtobeexamined,andscientificresearchcapabilitiesareoneoftheimportantsignsofprofessionalandtechnicalcapabilities."Professionaltitlethesis"asanimportantmanifestationofscientificresearchresults,isanimportantindexforevaluatingprofessionaltitles.Now,cometogettipsonpublishingtitletitlesinthefieldofengineeringinspection! I.Preparation Firstdeterminethecriteriafortheevaluationofprofessionaltitlesbytheunit.Forexample,doestheunitrequireprovincialjournals?Ornational?Arethereanyrequirementsforjournalstobegenuine?Whichdatabaseisincludedfortheevaluationofprofessionaltitles? Firststeplook Findandcategorizetargetjournalsthroughnewspapers,theInternet,andbooks.Thefieldofengineeringtestingisdividedintofivemajorcategories:geotechnical,construction,railway,civil,waterconservancy,andtransportation.AmongthedomesticcoreChinesejournalsofPekingUniversityare: RockandSoil:"JournalofGeotechnicalEngineering","RockandSoilMechanics","JournalofRockMechanicsandEngineering",etc.; Architecture:"JournalofBuildingStructures","BuildingStructure","IndustrialBuilding","JournalofArchitecture",etc.; Railways:"JournaloftheChineseRailways","ChineseRailwayScience","JournaloftheChineseRailwayEngineering","RailwayConstruction",etc.; CivilEngineering:JournalofCivilEngineering,Concrete,WorldEarthquakeEngineering,etc.; Waterconservancy:"JournalofHydraulicEngineering","WaterConservancyandHydropowerTechnology","JournalofYangtzeRiverScientificResearchInstitute","ChinaWaterResources" Transportation:"JournalofTransportationEngineering","JournalofChinaHighway","HighwayTransportationScienceandTechnology",etc. Secondstep First,chooseauthenticity:theremustbeanissuenumber,internationalstandardissuenumber:ISSN;domesticstandardissuenumber:CN. Second,thepublicationlevel:national,provincial,andprefecture-level. Third,payspecialattention:supplements,supplements,specialissues,specialissues,thesiscollection,resultscompilation,etc.aredifferentfromperiodicals. Selectingpublications,columns,andtopicscannotonlyunderstandtheinformationabouttheeaseofpublication,thecost,thepublicationprocess,thepublicationcycle,etc.ofthepublicationchannel,butalsounderstandthepublicationofrelatedcontentandimprovethequalityofthearticle.Ofcourse,academicplagiarismisabsolutelyimpossible! Writingandpublishing Summarizetheeightcharacteristicsandtenelementsthatanexcellentpapermusthave: Eightcharacteristics:targeted,typical,representative,andinstructive Timeliness,academicity,readability,practicality Tenelements:smallangles,precisetopics,correctviews,freshmaterials,andrigorousstructure Sophisticatedlanguage,stopplagiarism,avoidsimilarity,controllength,beautifullayout Ifyoudonotreceivethenotificationwithin15daysfromthedateofthemanuscript,youcanaskbyphone;afterreceivingthereviewopinion,youcandecidetomodifythearticleorconsiderresubmittingit.Waitforthefinalreviewtopassandenjoythejoyofsuccessafterthearticleispublished! ShengtuoTestingiscommittedtoengineeringnon-destructivetestingtechnologyandproductdevelopment.IthaspublishedanumberofprofessionalpapersinjournalssuchasIndustrialConstruction,RailwayConstruction,andWaterConservancyandHydropowerTechnology.Shengtuolooksforwardtoworkingwitheveryonetocontributetothequalityandsafetyoftheproject!
